List of Figures

1. Circuit switching
2. Datagram packet switching
3. Virtual circuit packet switching
4. Position of the MPLS stack in the network protocol stack
5. MPLS forwarding
6. Nested MPLS domains
7. Label distribution modes
8. Multicast achieved through unicast
9. Shortest path trees
10. Center-based multicast routing tree
11. Pre-planning backup paths in a multicast routing tree
12. MPLS multicast routing tree
13. Rerouting overview and terminology
14. SONET self-healing ring: Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring architecture
15. SONET self-healing ring: Bidirectional Link-Switched Ring architecture
16. Intelligent Protection Switching with a Resilient Packet Ring
17. Unicast Fast Reroute mechanism
18. Network and multicast group model
19. Link failure rate weight
20. Protection of a tree from a link failure on the protected path with a backup path
21. Weight $w$ and metrics $tdrop$ and $adrop$ for all links of a sample tree
22. Proof of the algorithm
23. Tree topology modification after a node leaves or joins a multicast group
24. Computation of $R_d(A, B)$
25. Worst case for Algorithm 1
26. Worst case for Algorithm 2
27. Worst case for Algorithm 3
28. Multicast Label Switching Path examples
29. Overview of MPLS multicast Fast Reroute
30. Link failure detection mechanism
31. Link failure detection time probability density function
32. Link repair detection mechanism
33. Link repair detection time probability density function
34. Failure notification mechanism
35. Backup label mappings
36. Path followed by packets sent by $J$ after switchover
37. Duplicate packets during switchback
38. Processing of a packet in the MPLS layer with MPLS-Linux unicast
39. Processing of a packet in the MPLS layer with MPLS-Linux multicast
40. Mixed L2/L3 forwarding implementation
41. General format of a MulTreeLDP message
42. Description of a tree in a file and in a Explicit Route Tree TLV
43. Advertisement of a multicast routing tree
44. Link failure and recovery detection probe format
45. Failure and recovery notification process
46. Switchback and switchover
47. MulTreeLDP header
48. FEC TLV format
49. FEC element format
50. Label TLV format
51. IPv4 node TLV format
52. Explicit Route Tree TLV format
53. New Branch TLV format
54. End Branch TLV format
55. Explicit Route Hop TLV format
56. Routers TLV format
57. Explicit Route Request message format
58. Explicit Backup Route Request message format
59. Label Request message format
60. Backup Label Request message format
61. Label Mapping message format
62. Backup Label Mapping message format
63. Link Failure Notification message format
64. Link Recovery Notification message format
65. The Indra testbed
66. Setup of the network used during the experiments
67. Topology of the network used to measure the performance of the MPLS-Linux multicast implementation
68. Experimental setup for determining the link failure and recovery detection times
69. Experimental distribution of the link failure detection time
70. Experimental distribution of the link recovery detection time
71. Experimental distribution of the link recovery detection time (adjusted model).
72. Experimental setup for determining the link failure and recovery notification delays
73. Experimental distribution of the node notification delay
74. Switchover and switchback in the multicast routing tree setup on our testbed
75. Experimental distribution of the repair time
76. Traffic received by PC5 when the tree sustains a failure and a recovery (packets of 8192 bytes)
77. Traffic received by PC6 when the tree sustains a failure and a recovery (packets of 8192 bytes)
78. Switchover on PC5 (packets of 8192 bytes)
79. Switchover on PC6 (packets of 8192 bytes)
80. Switchback on PC5 (packets of 8192 bytes)
81. Switchback on PC6 (packets of 8192 bytes)
82. Traffic received by PC5 when the tree sustains a failure and a recovery (packets of 1024 bytes)
83. Traffic received by PC6 when the tree sustains a failure and a recovery (packets of 1024 bytes)
84. Switchback on PC5 (packets of 1024 bytes)
85. Switchback on PC6 (packets of 1024 bytes)