''' Purpose: introduce looping. the program processes the characters in a
             string one-by-one.
'''

# get user's name
name = input( "Enter first name: " )

# print the letters in the name one-by-one
print( 'Loop starting' )

for current_letter in name : # name is a string and the value of the loop variable current_letter is each character in name
    print( 'Loop repeating with loop variable: ', current_letter ) # prints out current loop variable value (character in name)
    # process the current letter by printing it
    uppercase_letter = current_letter.upper() # Capitalize each letter one at a time
    print(uppercase_letter)  # print out each capitalized letter one at a time

print( 'Loop done' )

# Notice how statements that aren't indented into the for loop are only done once!
# It prints 'Loop starting' and 'Loop done' once since they're not in the for loop.
# The other print statements on lines 13 and 16 are in the loop so they're repeated for
# each new value of the for loop loop variable! (each character in the string name))

# Statements are repeated in the loop if they're indented inside the loop.
# If the print statement is on the outside and you're printing the value of the loop variable,
# it will print the last value the loop variable takes on (the last character in this string in this example)