''' Purpose: consider string casing functions
'''

text = input( 'Enter text: ' )

print()

print( 'text:', text )

print()

# produce case variants of input text
# here we assign new versions of the string text in each different variable
# variable = expression --> this is called an assignment statement
text_c = text.capitalize()        # capitalize() is a function --> puts the first letter in a string in uppercase
# text_c gets capitalized version of the text
text_l = text.lower()             # lower() puts everything in lower case in a string
# text_l gets the lowered version of the text
text_u = text.upper()             # upper() puts everything in upper case in a string
# text_u gets the all uppercase version of text
# THESE ARE ALL NEW VERSIONS OF THE STRING TEXT

# these functions don't need arguments, just empty ()
# format: some_string.function_name()
# THEY GIVE YOU A NEW VERSION OF A STRING; THEY DO NOT MODIFY THE ORIGINAL STRING !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

print( 'text.lower():', text_l, '       # all lower case' )
print( 'text.upper():', text_u, '       # all upper case' )
print( 'text.capitalize():', text_c, '  # initial character capitalized, rest lower case' )
print( 'text:', text )   # text remains the same version you input


# make meaningful variable names! Make sure that you know what each variable stores
# make sure you know the purpose of each variable! Try to have different variables for different purposes