'''  Purpose: demonstrate arithmetic and use of variables
        for naming things
'''

# there are so many numbers.....
# so python has some guidelines for arithmetic and number representation

# the different types of numbers have a concrete number of bits for representation
# so your numbers can only be so big

# basically, integers that computer does well but decimals it struggles

# decimals are represented by floats

# name some values
# these are ints!
a =   4
b =  10
c =  -5
d =  100

# a, b, c, and d represent the numbers they are set equal to
# They are called variables. (Remember algebra?)
# This idea of abstraction is really important in computer science

print( a )
print( b )
print( c )
print( d )

# This input is causing the program to pause. It will not continue  the later prints until you  hit enter.
input()

print( "a =", a )
print( "b =", b )
print( "c =", c )
print( "d =", d )

input()

# these are floats!
w =  -3.14
x =   4.25
y =  10.75
z =   2.50

print( "w =", w )
print( "x =", x )
print( "y =", y )
print( "z =", z )

input()

# display some calculations with integers

print( 'Integer manipulation' )

print()

# If you put something in quotes, it becomes a string. The words or letters without quotes are variables.
print(  a, '+',  b, '=', 'a' + 'b'  ) # string addition: will print out 'ab' as it is adding the string 'a' and the string 'b' together

print(  a, '+',  b, '=', a + b  ) # addition
print(  b, '-',  a, '=', b - a  ) # subtraction
print(  a, '*',  b, '=', a * b  ) # multiplication
print(  b, '/',  a, '=', b / a  ) # decimal division

input()

print(  b, '//', a, '=', b // a ) # integer division: ignore/ drop the remainder

input()

print(  b, '**', d, '=', b ** d ) # putting a number to a power

input()

# super duper important
print(  b, '%',  a, '=', b %  a ) # gives the remainder of a division; AKA modulus

input()

print( -b, '=', -b )

input()
#commas separate values; without them there is a syntax error
print( 'abs(', c, ') =', abs( c ) ) # absolute value
print( 'int(', y, ') =', int( y ) ) # converts y into an integer; in this case drops everything after the decimal

print()

# display some calculations with floats

print( 'Float manipulation' )

print()

print(  x, '+',  y, '=', x + y  )
print(  y, '-',  x, '=', y - x  )
print(  x, '*',  y, '=', x * y  )
print(  y, '/',  x, '=', y / x  )

input()

print(  y, '//', x, '=', y // x )#weird
print(  y, '%',  x, '=', y %  x )
print(  x, '**', z, '=', x ** z )

input()

print( -y, '=', -y )

input()

print( 'abs(',   w, ') =', abs( w ) )
print( 'float(', x, ') =', float( x ) )

input()

# display some calculations with mixed operands

print( 'Mixed numeric manipulation' )
#decimals win
# the only way to get an integer is to use to ints or integer operators

print()

#print(  a, '+',  y, '=', ( a, +, y )  ) we don't want to separate values with commas if they are part of some arithmetic
# this will cause an error

print(  a, '+',  y, '=', ( a + y )  )
print(  y, '-',  b, '=', y - b  )
print(  a, '*',  y, '=', a * y  )
print(  y, '/',  b, '=', y / b  )

input()

print(  y, '//', b, '=', y // b )
print(  y, '%',  b, '=', y %  b )
print(  a, '**', z, '=', a ** z )