## Gotchas

----

### Converting to integer
* The built-in function `int()` can only handle one value at a time; that is, it cannot handle a list of strings

-----

### Plus operator
* Can handle two numbers or two strings; that is, it cannot handle a number and a string, or vice-versa.

-----

### Percent sign operator
* `a % b` returns the remainder of `a` divided by `b`

-----

### Strings
* They are immutable — they cannot be changed. For example `s.lower()` does not change `s`; it does return a new string whose character sequence are those of `s` with all alphabetic characters in lowercase.

* `s.capitalize()` returns a new string whose character sequence are those of `s` with the first character in the new string capitalized and the remaining alphabetic characters in lowercase.

-----

### Pycharm
* When typing in a weblink into the console, type a space after the link

-----

### Indexing
* Python indexing begins at 0

-----

### Web reading

* Import local library url.py.

* Use `url.get_text()` to get the contents of a web page.

* Use `url.get_dataset()` to get a dataset from the web.

-----

### Problem solving

* Never hardcode values as an answer; you will get the problem wrong when we test your solution with different inputs.

----

# you must get input in the specified order or else the words generated from the seed may be different


# '==' tests (boolean) equality whereas '=' is assignment
# accumulators must be initialized before loops
# [] is subscripting into a sequence
# you can modify a list 
# the len() will return an integer of the number of elements in a sequence

# you can't use an operator in a print statement ( you actually can but not the " Prof. Cohoon way" )
# '//' means integer division
    # 5.0 // 2 = 2.0 ~tricky~
# to decode the content of a weblink use 'UTF-8'
# folders should end in a '/'
# when you want to specify a range you must use the keyword range
    # Ex: for i in ( 0, n ): <- bad but legal in Python
# first index in a list is 0
# '()' means a "tuple" or ordered pair (sequences); is like a list
# end= will allow you to control the ending of the print statement
# Escape sequences: '\t' = tab; '\n' = new line
# accumulators that sums should start at 0; lists should be the empty brackets [], and strings ''
# you can "remove" strings with replace() using the empty string '' as the replacement
# ranges are exclusive for the second term; you must add one to get up to that value
# string functions must be called on a individual string and not on an entire list -> use a loop!!
# functions always have '()'
    Ex: 'reply.split' does not do what you want
# compound statements have colons ':' while loops, for loops, if statements
# min() and max() do not have to be used on sorted lists
# sorted(): you give the function a list and the function returns a sorted version of the list; does not alter the original list
    list = [ 3, 1, 4 ] => [ 1, 3, 4 ]
# for loops are used when you do not know how many times you will repeat some action; when you known the size
    you can iterate on the elements themselves
# you cannot compare numbers to strings and vice-versa
# strings are compared using lexicographical (dictionary) order
# s.split() will hand back a list of strings; .split() is not a list function meaning you cannot split a list
# range() is a built-in function that hands back a sequence of values that goes from the first element to the (last element - 1)
# never write x = x.append( v ); never use assignment with the append() function on a list