1112 artistry submission



Class 40 — Friday May 7

One more chance to be a class

Dream big and work hard — Celebrate diversity — Always pay forward


Look both ways


Agenda

  • Answer questions

Thanks again to the TAs

birthday gift ducks for CS

Want to be a TA for CS 1112


Project — Traveling Salesperson Problem assistance

Due Saturday May 8

Will be available on Friday during class time

In the below Wikipedia figure, the red dots represent city locations and the tour of edges connecting them is the least length of all tours.

from wikipedi Travelling_salesman_problem/media

Files


Discussion

  • The Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) is one of the most famous problems in Computer Science. See wikipedia for a good discussion.
  • The input to the problem is a list of n city locations.
3 TSP tours
  • The locations of the above points are given by the list cities.

cities = [ (281, 234), (515, 321), (738, 44), (530, 60), (410, 377), (135, 293),

  (883, 158), (366, 307), (380, 166), (881, 34) ]

  • A solution to the TSP problem determines the best tour of the cities.
  • A tour indicates how to go from city to city in a way that never revisits any city except for finally going back to the start city.
  • The distance between two cities is the length of the edge that directly connects them. This type of distance is known an Euclidean distance.
  • The best tour is the one that has the least distance of all possible tours.
  • A tour is stored as an arrangement of indices from 0 through n-1,
  • What is intriguing about the TSP problem is that no one knows whether it is possible to quickly guarantee finding an optimal tour. Most Computer Scientists guess that it is not possible to quickly guarantee an optimal tour.
3 TSP tours
  • The above tours are gotten using the below orderings.

start_tour = [ 0, 7, 4, 8, 1, 3, 9, 6, 2, 5 ]

mid_tour = [ 0, 7, 5, 4, 1, 2, 9, 6, 3, 8 ]

end_tour = [ 0, 5, 4, 1, 7, 8, 3, 2, 9, 6 ]



Your task

  • Implement six functions to assist someone who is trying come with a heuristic strategy to generate a good solution.

Function d( cities, i1, i2 )

  • Parameter cities is a list of points; where a point is an pair of x-coordinate and y-coordinate values.
  • Parameters i1 and i2 are indexes into cities.
  • The function returns the Euclidean distance between cities i1 and i2.
  • Suppose x1 and y1 are the coordinate values for city i1.
  • Suppose x2 and y2 are the coordinate values for city i2.
  • The distance between the two cities is euclidean distance formula
  • The Python exponentiation operator ** allows decimal operands. So, it can be used for both squaring and square rooting.
  • The built-in tester should produce the following output

testing d()

cities: [(281, 468), (515, 643), (738, 88), (530, 120), (410, 754)]

a: 2

b: 4

d( cities, a, b ): 742.3880386967452



Function swap( tour, i1, i2 )

  • Parameter tour is an arrangement (list) of the integers in the range( 0, n ).
  • The function swaps the values at tour[ i1 ] and tour[ i2 ]
  • The function does not do a return.
  • The built-in tester should produce the following output

testing swap()

i1: 2

i2: 4

tour before swapping at indices i1 and i2: [4, 3, 1, 0, 2]

tour after swapping at indices i1 and i2: [4, 3, 2, 0, 1]



Function random_location( w, h )

  • Parameter w is a width, and parameter h is a height.
  • The function returns a random coordinate ( x, y ), where x is a random value from the range( 0, w ) and y is a random value from the range( 0, h ).
  • The built-in tester should produce the following output

testing random_location()

w: 1000

h: 500

random_location( w, h ): (355, 250)



Function initialize_city_locations( n, w, h )

  • The functions returns a list cities composed of n random locations, where
  • The x-coordinate of every location is from the range( 0, w ).
  • The y-coordinate of every location is from the range( 0, h ).
  • The function uses a loop to accumulate the n locations.
  • Each iteration the function makes use of function random_location() to generate another location.
  • The new location is appended to the cities list.

  • The built-in tester should produce the following output

testing initialize_city_locations()

n: 4

w: 1000

h: 500

initialize_city_locations( n, w, h ): [(281, 234), (515, 321), (738, 44), (530, 60)]



Function cost( cities, tour )

  • Parameter cities is a list of points.
  • Parameter tour is an arrangement of indices into cities.
  • The function accumulates and returns the sum of distances from the first city to the second city, the second city to the third city, the third city to fouth city, and so on. Plus the distance from the last city to the first city.
  • Suggested algorithm

Set n to number of cities.

Initialize accumulator to 0.

For i in the interval 0 ... n-2 do

  Set a and b to be respectively the ith and i+1th tour entries.

  Add to the accumulator the distance between the ath and bth cities entries.

Set a and b to be respectively the 0th and n-1th tour entries.

Add to the accumulator the distance between the ath and bth cities entries.

  • The built-in tester should produce the following output

testing cost()

cities: [(281, 468), (515, 643), (738, 88), (530, 120), (410, 754)]

tour: [4, 2, 0, 3, 1]

cost( cities, tour ): 2440.652320335747



Function consider( cities, tour, i1, i2 )

  • Parameter cities is a list of points.
  • Parameter tour is an arrangement of indices into cities.
  • Parameters i1 and i2 and are indices.
  • The function performs the following actions
  • Computes the cost c1 of the current tour.
  • Performs a swap of the of tour elements at indices i1 and i2.
  • Computes the cost c2 of the new tour.
  • If c2 is less than c1, the function returns True. Otherwise, the function reswaps tour elements at indices i1 and i2 (thus, restoring the better solution) and returns False.
  • The built-in tester should produce the following output

testing consider()

cities: [(281, 468), (515, 643), (738, 88), (530, 120), (410, 754)]

starting tour: [1, 0, 4, 3, 2]

i1: 2

i2: 4

consider( cities, tour, i1, i2 ): True

current tour: [1, 0, 2, 3, 4]


cities: [(281, 468), (515, 643), (738, 88), (530, 120), (410, 754)]

starting tour: [1, 0, 4, 3, 2]

i1: 1

i2: 3

consider( cities, tour, i1, i2 ): False

current tour: [1, 0, 4, 3, 2]


 


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