David Brogan -- CS 551/851 Computer Animation and Virtual Environments

CS 551/851 Computer Animation and Virtual Environments

Time:	Tuesday/Thursday 5:00 - 6:15
Place:	MEC 216
Instructor:	David Brogan (Olsson #217), dbrogan@cs.virginia.edu Office Hours: Drop by or send email to schedule an appointment. Office Phone: 804-982-2211
Description:	This course introduces both fundamental and advanced computer animation techniques. The course will follow the format of a seminar, in which students will prepare paper presentations and lead discussions. Such traditional animation topics as keyframing, procedural algorithms, camera control, and scene composition will be discussed. The course will also introduce modern research techniques covering dynamic simulation, motion capture, and feedback control algorithms. These topics will help prepare students for careers as technical directors in the computer animation industry and will assist students pursuing research careers.
Prereqs:	Computer graphics experience is required for this course. You must have taken one of the courses listed below. Outside experience can substitute for course requirements. Undergraduate courses: CS 551 - Introduction to Computer Graphics CS 551 - Advanced Computer Graphics Graduate level courses CS 645 - Introduction to Computer Graphics CS 651 - Advanced Computer Graphics CS 651 - Modern Research in Computer Graphics
Projects:	Most students will complete these three projects for the course: Particle Simulation -- Use SGI Inventor (skeleton code provided) to create an interesting animation of firworks, fire, or water fountains. Physical Simulation -- Use SGI Inventor and a physical simulation of a girl on a swing to create an animation of a girl swinging Motion Capture -- Use an SGI Inventor motion capture playback program to convert a motion sequence of a walking human into a smoothly repeating motion cycle Advanced students will be allowed to design their own semester-long project. I suggest picking a Siggraph paper to implement or something of similar scale: Tour Into the Picture; Youichi Horry and Ken-ichi Anjyo and Kiyoshi Arai, SIGGRAPH 97 Spacetime Constraints; Andrew Witkin and Michael Kass, SIGGRAPH 88 Animated water or blowing leaves High-level motion planning Emergent group behaviors Plant growth; Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz. Graphical applications of L-systems, Graphics Interface '86, pp. 247-253 (May 1986).
Presentations:	Each student will be required to prepare two or three paper presentations. Each presentation should provide sufficient background material to make the paper understandable by the class. This will require outside reading in addition to the selected paper.
Critiques:	Students must select half (exact number will be determined after first class) of the assigned papers and submit a list of five comments or questions they have about each paper. This critique must be submitted via hardcopy to the professor at the beginning of class the day the paper is discussed. These questions and comments will be used to motivate discussion after each paper presentation. Students are encouraged to think about modern applications of the material discussed in each paper. References to movies or video games that utilize the discussed animation techniques are desired. Likewise, these critiques should mention particular parts of each paper that the student wishes to have emphasized during the presentation and discussion.
Grading:	30% Projects 30% Paper Presentations 20% Paper Critiques 20% Class Participation

Topics:

Introduction

Principles, Cartoon Laws of Physics
Keyframing, Euler Angles, Quaternions, Curves
Kinematics and Inverse Kinematics

Procedural Systems

L-systems, Morphing, Simulation
Basic Simulation
Passive Simulation (cloth, water, gas)
Rigid Body Dynamics and Control
Optimal (Automatic) Control

Human Animation and High-level Control

Human Animation
Facial Animation
High-level Control
Flocking

Motion Capture

Motion Capture Technologies
Retargeting Motion Capture for New Characters

Interactive Animation

Real-time Animation
Automatic Camera Control

Applied Animation

Recording Techniques and Video Technology
Industry

Books: None of these books are required for this class. Most course material will come from conference proceedings. However, these books are recommended to anyone who wants to thoroughly study computer animation.

Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnson
Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life
Abbeville Press, New York
0-89659-498-X
--A good description of traditional animation techniques.
Alan Watt and Mark Watt
Advanced Animation and Rendering Techniques
Addison-Wesley
0-201-54412-1
--A good book for advanced students.
Isaac Victor Kerlow
The Art of 3-D Computer Animation and Imaging
Van Nostrand Reinhold
0442018967
--A good introductory book.
Edward Dmytryk
On Film Editing
Focal Press (Boston)
0-240-51738-5
--A description of traditional directing techniques for film.

Semester-long Assignment:

Project Description Handout

Week	Date	Delieverable
Week 1	02/17/2000	Project description and semester outline
Week 3	03/02/2000	Written review of background material
Week 4	03/09/2000	Confirmation that required system tools are in place
Week 6	03/30/2000	Written confirmation of first third of implentation
Week 8	04/13/2000	Written confirmation of implementation state
Week 9	04/27/2000	Completed project and write-up due
Week 10	05/2/2000	Class Presentations

Regular Assignments:

Assignment 1: Particle Simulation - Due 5:00 p.m. Friday, March 3, 2000

Assignment 2: Physical Simulation - Due 5:00 p.m. Friday, April 14, 2000

Assignment 3: Motion Capture

Lectures:

1/20	Introduction	Lecture
No Papers

1/27	Keyframing	Lecture
Hodgins, J. K., O'Brien, J. F., Bodenheimer, R. E.. Computer Animation. In the Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, John G. Webster, ed., v. 3, pp. 686-690, 1999. Animating Human Motion. Hodgins, J. K. Scientific American, March 1998. Cartoon Physics

2/1	Interpolating Quaternions	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading A. Watt and M. Watt, Advanced Animation and Rendering Techniques. ACM Press, 1992. (future refs abbreviated W&W). Pages 345-368. John DeWeese K. Shoemake. How to Turn Right, SIGGRAPH '91 Course Notes #2, (Math for SIGGRAPH). K. Shoemake. Animating Rotation with Quaternion Curves, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '95, pages 245-253. Dana Wortman K. Shoemake. Quaternion Calculus for Animation, SIGGRAPH '91 Course Notes #2 (Math for SIGGRAPH).

2/3	Inverse Kinematics	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading W&W pages 369-394 P. McKerrow, Robotics. Addison-Wesley, 1991. Pages 175-224. Steve Lavedas This document is pretty long. I couldn't get showps to allow me to print the partial document. I had to save the document (don't let the .gz extension fool you, it's not zipped) and use ghostview to print pages 3 - 39. C. Welman. Inverse Kinematics and Geometric Constraints for Articulated Figure Manipulation. Master's Thesis, Simon Fraser University, 1993. (Chapters 2, 3, 4). Brian Jones J. Zhao aned N. Badler, Inverse kinematics positioning using nonlinear programming for highly articulated figures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, Volume 13, Issue 4 (1994), pages 313-336.

2/8	Physical Simulation	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading C. Hecker. Physics, The Next Frontier. Game Developer Magazine, October/November, 1996. C. Hecker. Physics part 2, Angular Effects. Game Developer Magazine, December 1996/January, 1997. C. Hecker. Physics part 3, Collision Response. Game Developer Magazine, December 1996/January, 1997. C. Hecker. Physics part 4, The Third Dimension. Game Developer Magazine, June, 1997. Jason Giovannelli Some of these papers may cause your PostScript viewer to burp. I suggest saving the ps file and printing. A. Witkin and D. Baraff. Physically Based Modeling: Differential Equation Basics SIGGRAPH '97 Course Notes (Physically Based Modeling). A. Witkin. An Introduction to Physically Based Modeling: Particle System Dynamics. SIGGRAPH '97 Course Notes (Physically Based Modeling). M. Kass. An Introduction to Physically Based: Modeling: Energy Functions and Stiffness. Kyle Benedict Some of these papers may cause your PostScript viewer to burp. I suggest saving the ps file and printing. A. Witkin. Physically Based Modeling: Particle Collision and Contact. CMU CS-15-860 Class Notes, Spring, 1994. A. Witkin. Penalty Methods. CMU CS-15-860 Class Notes, Spring, 1994. A. Witkin. Constrained Dynamics. CMU CS-15-860 Class Notes, Spring, 1994.

2/10/2000	Particle Systems	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading W. Reeves. Particle Systems - A Technique for Modeling A Class of Fuzzy Objects. SIGGRAPH 1983. See Brogan for a copy of the paper. Yannick Loitiere K. Sims. Particle Animation and Rendering Using Data Parallel Computation. SIGGRAPH, 1990. Handed out in class. David Brogan D. Breen, D. House, M. Wozny. Predicting the Drape of Woven Cloth Using Interacting Particles. SIGGRAPH 1994.

2/15/2000	Math	No Lecture Yet

2/17/2000	Cloth Modeling	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading Siggraph '98 Course Notes. Note that this a 22.7 Meg, 200 page, pdf file. There are lots of good cloth papers and presentation slides in here. For those who are interested, there is a paper on the clothing simulation used to generate skirts in Fantasia 2000 on page 177. Paul Guttman P. Volino, M. Courchesne, and N.M. Thalmann, "Versatile and Efficient Techniques for Simulating Cloth and Other Deformable Objects," Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, SIGGRAPH, 1995, pp. 137-144. Movies: Ribbon, Marilyn Monroe Carlton Fraley D. Baraff and A. Witkin, " Large Steps in Cloth Simulation," Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, SIGGRAPH, 1998, pp. 43-54. Movies: Ring and Sphere, Dancer, Pirate, Ring, Alias\|Wavefront Commercial

2/22/2000	Fluids	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading Nick Foster and Dimitri Metaxas, " Realistic Animation of Liquids," Proceedings GI '96, pp. 204-212 (1996) (560K). Winner of the Mike Sweeny Award 1996. Nick Foster, Dimitri Metaxas, " Realistic Animation of Liquids, " Graphical Models and Image Processing," Vol. 58, No. 5, September 1996, pp. 471-483. Danny Han O'Brien, J. F., Hodgins, J. K. " Dynamic Simulation of Splashing Fluids." Proceedings of Computer Animation `95, Geneva Switzerland, April 19-21, pp. 198-205 Movies: Diver entering a pool of water, Comparison of live and simulated splash, Class Nick Foster and Dimitri Metaxas, " Controlling Fluid Animation," Proceedings CGI '97, pp. 178-188 (2.4M). Winner of the Androme Award 1997. Movies: Splashing dot in 2D, Ocean waves in a shallow cove, Soda cans caught in an eddy, Water flows from an outlet, Paint explosion, A simple fountain sequencer,

2/24/2000	Review of Project 1 and Reynolds	View the Lecture

2/29/2000	Plant Modeling	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Paul Guttman " Animation of plant development," Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz, Mark S.Hammel, and Eric Mjolsness. Siggraph 1993. Shawn Helman " Realistic Modeling and Rendering of Plant Ecosystems," Oliver Deussen, Pat Hanrahan, Bernd Lintermann, Randomir Mecaronch, Matt Pharr, and Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz. Siggraph 1998.

3/2/2000	Karl Sims Papers	View the Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Derek Cornish Evolving 3D Morphology and Behavior by Competition, Karl Sims. Artificial Life IV Proceedings, edited by Brooks & Maes, MIT Press, 1994, pp.28-39. Adrian Lanning Evolving Virtual Creatures, Karl Sims. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 94, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 15-22 (July 1994, Orlando, Florida). ACM Press. Edited by Andrew Glassner. ISBN 0-89791-667-0. Movie: Creature Evolution

3/7/2000	Optimization for Animation	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None David Brogan Spacetime Constraints (PostScript), or PDF, Andrew Witkin and Michael Kass. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 88), 22 (4), pp. 159-168 (August 1988, Atlanta, Georgia). Edited by John Dill. Movie: Luxo Jr. Mitch Parry Spacetime Constraints Revisited, J. Thomas Ngo and Joe Marks. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 93, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 343-350 (August 1993, Anaheim, California). Edited by James T. Kajiya. ISBN 0-201-58889-7.

3/9/2000	Character Animation	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Adrian Lanning Anatomy-based modeling of the human musculature. Ferdi Scheepers, Richard E. Parent, Wayne E. Carlson and Stephen F. May; Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics & interactive techniques , 1997, Pages 163 - 172 David Brogan Raibert, M. H., Hodgins, J., 1991. Animation of dynamic legged locomotion SIGGRAPH `91, Las Vegas, 25:4, 349--358. (Obtain paper from box labeled CS551 in CS department main lobby in Olsson Hall)

3/21/2000	High-level Character Animation	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Dana Wortman IMPROV: A System for Scripting Interactive Actors in Virtual Worlds , Ken Perlin and Athomas Goldberg. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 205-216 (August 1996, New Orleans, Louisiana). Addison Wesley. Edited by Holly Rushmeier. ISBN 0-201-94800-1. Mitch Parry Animating Human Athletics (PDF), Jessica K. Hodgins and Wayne L. Wooten and David C. Brogan and James F. O'Brien. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 95, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 71-78 (August 1995, Los Angeles, California). Addison Wesley. Edited by Robert Cook.

3/23/2000	High-level Character Animation	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Yannick Loitiere Artificial Fishes: Physics, Locomotion, Perception, Behavior, Xiaoyuan Tu and Demetri Terzopoulos. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 94, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 43-50 (July 1994, Orlando, Florida). ACM Press. Edited by Andrew Glassner. ISBN 0-89791-667-0. Steve Lavedas Multi-Level Direction of Autonomous Creatures for Real-Time Virtual Environments (PostScript), Bruce M. Blumberg and Tinsley A. Galyean. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 95, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 47-54 (August 1995, Los Angeles, California). Addison Wesley. Edited by Robert Cook. ISBN 0-201-84776-0.

3/28/2000	Motion Capture	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Available Fourier Principles for Emotion-based Human Figure Animation (PS), Munetoshi Unuma and Ken Anjyo and Ryozo Takeuchi. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 95, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 91-96 (August 1995, Los Angeles, California). Addison Wesley. Edited by Robert Cook. ISBN 0-201-84776-0.

3/30/2000	Motion Capture	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Brian Clarke Efficient Generation of Motion Transitions using Spacetime Constraints , Charles F. Rose and Brian Guenter and Bobby Bodenheimer and Michael F. Cohen. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 147-154 (August 1996, New Orleans, Louisiana). Addison Wesley. Edited by Holly Rushmeier. ISBN 0-201-94800-1. John DeWeese Interpolation Synthesis of Articulated Figure Motion, Grab a copy from Brogan's office door, Olsson 217. Douglas J. Wiley and James K. Hahn. IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium. March, 1997.

4/4/2000	Facial Animation	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Bill Sanders Realistic Modeling for Facial Animation (PS), Yuencheng Lee and Demetri Terzopoulos and Keith Waters. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 95, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 55-62 (August 1995, Los Angeles, California). Addison Wesley. Edited by Robert Cook. ISBN 0-201-84776-0. Brian Jones Making Faces, Brian Guenter, Cindy Grimm, Daniel Wood, Henrique Malvar and Frederic Pighin. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 98, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 55-66 (July 1998, Orlando, Florida). Addison Wesley. Edited by Michael Cohen. ISBN 0-89791-999-8.

4/6/2000	Animation Simplification	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None David Brogan NeuroAnimator: Fast Neural Network Emulation and Control of Physics-Based Models, Radek Grzeszczuk and Demetri Terzopoulos and Geoffrey Hinton. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 98, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 9-20 (July 1998, Orlando, Florida). Addison Wesley. Edited by Michael Cohen. ISBN 0-89791-999-8. Available Efficient Dynamics Modeling for VRML and Java Stephen Chenney, Jeffrey Ichnowski, D.A.Forsyth. In Proceedings of the 1998 Symposium on the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML98), pages 15-24, 1998.

4/11/2000	Simplification and Compression	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Danny Han Visibility preprocessing for interactive walkthroughs Seth J. Teller and Carlo H. Sequin, Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 91), 25 (4), pp. 61-69 (July 1991, Las Vegas, Nevada). Edited by Thomas W. Sederberg. ISBN 0-201-56291-X. Brian Clarke Adaptive Display Algorithm for Interactive Frame Rates During Visualization of Complex Virtual Environments, Thomas A. Funkhouser and Carlo H. Sequin. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 93, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 247-254 (August 1993, Anaheim, California). Edited by James T. Kajiya. ISBN 0-201-58889-7.

4/13/2000	Simplification and Compression	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading URL for the second paper Kyle Benedict Lodestar: an octree-based level of detail generator for VRML D. Schmalstieg. Proceedings of the ACM Siggraph 2nd Symposium on VRML, 1997. Jason Giovannelli Smooth Levels of Detail D. Schmalsieg, G. Schaufler. Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual Internation Symposium, VRAIS '97.

4/18/2000	Art-based Rendering	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Shawn Helman Processing Images and Video for an Impressionist Effect, Peter Litwinowicz. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 97, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 407-414 (August 1997, Los Angeles, California). Addison Wesley. Edited by Turner Whitted. ISBN 0-89791-896-7. Derek Cornish Painterly Rendering for Animation, Barbara J. Meier. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 477-484 (August 1996, New Orleans, Louisiana). Addison Wesley. Edited by Holly Rushmeier. ISBN 0-201-94800-1.

4/20/2000	Camera Control	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Carlton Fraley Tour Into the Picture: Using a Spidery Mesh Interface to Make Animation from a Single Image, Youichi Horry and Ken-ichi Anjyo and Kiyoshi Arai. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 97, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 225-232 (August 1997, Los Angeles, California). Addison Wesley. Edited by Turner Whitted. ISBN 0-89791-896-7. Bill Sanders The Virtual Cinematographer: A Paradigm for Automatic Real-Time Camera Control and Directing, Li-wei He and Michael F. Cohen and David H. Salesin. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 217-224 (August 1996, New Orleans, Louisiana). Addison Wesley. Edited by Holly Rushmeier. ISBN 0-201-94800-1.

4/25/2000	Virtual Reality	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None Keith Shepherd Disney's Aladdin: First Steps Toward Storytelling in Virtual Reality Grab a copy from Brogan's office door, Olsson 217. Randy Pausch and Jon Snoddy and Eric Hazeltine and Robert Taylor and Scott Watson. , Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 193-204 (August 1996, New Orleans, Louisiana). Addison Wesley. Edited by Holly Rushmeier. ISBN 0-201-94800-1. Available Any applied VR paper.

4/27/2000	Hollywood and Industry	No Lecture
Supplemental Reading None

CS 551/851 Computer Animation and Virtual Environments

Introduction

Keyframing

Interpolating Quaternions

Inverse Kinematics

Physical Simulation

Particle Systems

Math

Cloth Modeling

Fluids

Review of Project 1 and Reynolds

Plant Modeling

Karl Sims Papers

Optimization for Animation

Character Animation

High-level Character Animation

High-level Character Animation

Motion Capture

Motion Capture

Facial Animation

Animation Simplification

Simplification and Compression

Simplification and Compression

Art-based Rendering

Camera Control

Virtual Reality

Hollywood and Industry