CS 332:
Algorithms
Homework #5
Assigned:
Due:
1. Exercise 15.4-4 (16.3-4 in
old book). Note that you are not
changing the running time of the algorithm, just the space requirements.
2. Recall this problem from
exam 2:
Describe how to implement a
dynamic set S that efficiently
supports the FIFO queue operations Enqueue
(instead of Insert),
Dequeue
(instead of Delete),
and Minimum (note: not ExtractMin, just Minimum; the node is not deleted).
Here is a solution to this problem that performs all
operations in O(1) amortized time: keep the items in
an ordinary FIFO queue N. Keep a second queue, M, that is a subset of N,
such that the minimum item in N is
always at the head of M. Enqueuing and dequeuing the items on N
take O(1) time, and getting the minimum from the head
of M takes only O(1) time. But maintaining M requires additional work.
N
is an ordinary queue, in which items are inserted at the tail and removed at
the head. M is an input-restricted deque
(double-ended queue), in which items are inserted only at the tail but can be
deleted at both ends. The set operations
are implemented as follows (assume, without loss of generality, that the items
in the set are just numbers):
Minimum(S)
return head[M]
Dequeue(S)
n = head[N]
delete
head of N
if n = head[M]
then delete head of M
return
n
Enqueue(S)
insert n at tail
of N
while tail[M] > n
do delete tail of M
insert n at tail
of M
(a) Run an example, showing N and M after enqueuing 3,4,6, and 7, then
after enqueuing 5
(b) Argue the correctness of
this algorithm by describing the invariants preserved by the above code
(c) Use amortized analysis to
argue that all operations will take O(1) time