name = "Thomas Jefferson"

print("first letter is ", name[0])
print("last letter is ", name[len(name)-1])

print()   # print an empty line to separate sets of examples

# slicing with [start:stop ] and return a part of the string
# from start index, upto (but not include) stop index
print("name[ :6] = ", name[ :6])
print("name[7: ] = ", name[7: ])

print("name[ :-3] = ", name[ :-3])  # throw away the last 3 characters
print("name[-3: ] = ", name[-3:])   # start from the last 3 characters to the end
print("name[-9:-3] = ", name[-9:-3]) # throw away the last 3 characters
                                     # start from the last 9 characters to the end

print()   # print an empty line to separate sets of examples

# more slicing example
string = 'CS1111 Intro to programming'
print("original string is", string)
print("slice from index 7 upto but not include index 15 '" + string[7:15] + "'")

print()

print("Jeff" in name)
print("upsorn" not in name)

print()   # print an empty line to separate sets of examples

# string is immutable
# once assign a string, we cannot mutate part of the string
# name[3] = "M"   # error
# print(name)

print(name.startswith("Th"))
print(name.endswith("son"))
print(name.isdigit())
print(name.isspace())
print(name.isalnum())
print(name.isalpha())
print(name.find("f"))
print(name.find("cs1111"))
print(name.rfind("f"))
print(name.rfind("cs1111"))
print(name.count("f"))
print(name.count("ff"))
print(name.islower())
print(name.isupper())
print(name.replace("Thomas", "George"))

print()   # print an empty line to separate sets of examples

print("The name is \"" + name + "\"")  # escape character
print("Thomas\nJefferson")   # new line character

print()   # print an empty line to separate sets of examples

# string equality:
#  same length, same sequence of characters
#  case sensitive
name1 = "Thomas Jefferson"
name2 = "Thomas Jefferson"
name3 = "Thomas jefferson"
name4 = "Thomas Jenkinson"
print(name1 == name2)
print(name1 == name3)
print(name1 == name4)

print()   # print an empty line to separate sets of examples

seq_list = ["$", "--", "#"]
print("join list with string :", name.join(seq_list))
print("join list with empty string :", "".join(seq_list))

print()   # print an empty line to separate sets of examples

print("name = ", name)
print("split name = ", name.split())

print()   # print an empty line to separate sets of examples

str1 = "Thomas Jefferson"
str2 = "e"
print("index of \"e\" from a given string:", str1.index(str2))
print("index of \"e\" start from index 9 to the end :", str1.index(str2, 9))
print("index of \"e\" start from index 9 upto index 12 :", str1.index(str2, 9, 12))
# print(str1.index(str2, 9, 11))  # from index 9, upto index 11 (not include index 11) --> error

# more index() examples
string = 'CS1111 Intro to programming'
print("index of 'n' in string :", string.index('n'))
print("index of '1111' in string :", string.index('1111'))
print("index of '1' in string :", string.index('1')) # the first index found

print()   # print an empty line to separate sets of examples

print("replace() returns as copy of string :", name.replace("Thomas", "George"))   # return a copy of string