# Example: Formatting

print(format(0.12345, '.3f'))
print(format(12345678, '3.7f'))

# format as part of string
print("number1 = %5d, number2 = %8.2f" % (123, 98765.4321))
# using print with a modulo operator, 123 is assigned to %5d
# and 98765.4321 is assigned to %8.2f
# notice that number1 is formatted with 5 placeholder (= 5 charcters)
# since the 123 consists only 3 digits,
# the output is padded with 2 leading spaces
# number2 is formatted with 8 placeholders of which 2 is for precision

print("number1 = %5d, number2 = %3.2f" % (123, 98765.4321))

# format() is a function that works on a string
# use format() to indicate how many decimals
# a floating point number should be displayed
# by placing a period and an integer to the left of the f
# format() will round the parameter to the requested
# number of decimals
print("{:.2f}".format(98765.4321))
print("{:.3f}".format(98765.4321))

# specify 3 placeholders, if given number is shorter than 3 characters
# pad it with leading spaces
print("{:3d}".format(123456))

# specify 10 placeholders, if the given number is shorter than 3 characters
# pad it with leading spaces
print("{:10d}".format(123456))

# specify 10 decimals, if the given number has shorter decimal
# pad it with ending spaces
print("{:.10f}".format(123.456))