Kamin Whitehouse :: cs851 Fall '08



Syllabus Readings
Reading Schedule

9/1-9/5

Week 1 -- Overview and Introduction


Survey Paper #1
Survey Paper #2

9/8-9/12

Week 2 -- The killer app?


Is there a "killer app” ? If so, what is it? If not, how can we create general design principles for software/hardware?  And, how can we sell products?

Team: Jiakang Lu, Robert Dickerson, Sirajum Munir

Barrenetxea, G.   Ingelrest, F.   Schaefer, G.   Vetterli, M.   Couach, O.   Parlange, M. SensorScope: Out-of-the-Box Environmental Monitoring.  IPSN 2008.

Younghun Kim, Thomas Schmid, Zainul M Charbiwala, Jonathan Friedman, Mani B Srivastava, "NAWMS: Nonintrusive Autonomous Water Monitoring System," The 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2008), November 2008.

Sukun Kim, Rodrigo Fonseca, Prabal Dutta, Arsalan Tavakoli, David Culler, Philip Levis, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica.  Flush: a reliable bulk transport protocol for multihop wireless networks.  SenSys 2007.

Jude Allred and Ahmad Bilal Hasan and Saroch Panichsakul and William Pisano and Peter Gray and Jyh Huang and Richard Han and Dale Lawrence and Kamran Mohseni.  SensorFlock: an airborne wireless sensor network of micro-air vehicles.  Sensys 2007.

9/15-9/19

Week 3 -- Smaller, cheaper, lighter... slower?


Will sensor nodes continue to get smaller and cheaper, or should they?  At what point do we decide to pay hardware costs for software/management conveniences?  Are there principles by which hardware can be designed for a specific deployment class?  Or principles with which we can build platforms that are general enough for many classes?  

Team: Timothy Hnat, Krasi Kapitanova, Andrew Jurik, Jingyuan Li

"A Building Block Approach to Sensornet Systems".  Prabal Dutta, Jay Taneja, Jaein Jeong, Xiaofan Jiang, and David Culler.  In Proceedings of the Sixth ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'08), Nov. 5-7, 2008

PicoCube: A 1cm3 sensor node powered by harvested energy.  Yuen Hui Chee   Koplow, M.   Mark, M.   Pletcher, N.   Seeman, M.   Burghardt, F.   Steingart, D.   Rabaey, J.   Wright, P.   Sanders, S.  Design Atomation Conference, 2008.


mPlatform: A Reconfigurable Architecture and Efficient Data Sharing Mechanism for Modular Sensor Nodes.  Lymberopoulos, D.   Priyantha, N.B.   Feng Zhao.  IPSN 2007.

XYZ: A Motion-Enabled, Power Aware Sensor Node Platform for Distributed Sensor Network Applications.  D. Lymberopoulos,  A. Savvides.  IPSN 05.

9/22-9/26

Week 4 -- Short and sweet link models/estimation?



Wireless links are extremely dynamic and may require sophisticated modeling techniques. At the same time, most research is still performed in simulation today, using models of radio channels, interference. etc.  Is this acceptable?  This has worked for years for the wireless networking community in general, why not sensor networks?  

Team: Enamul Hoque, Yu Yao, Jongdeog Lee, Eric Weathermax

Alberto Cerpa, Jennifer L. Wong, Louane Kuang, Miodrag Potkonjak and Deborah Estrin. Statistical Model of Lossy Links in Wireless Sensor Networks. In the ACM/IEEE Fourth International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'05), UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA, April 25-27, 2005.

Impact of Radio Irregularity on Wireless Sensor Networks
Gang Zhou, Tian He, Sudha Krishnamurthy, and John A. Stankovic
ACM MOBISYS 2004, Boston, Massachusetts , June 2004.

Kannan Srinivasan, Maria A. Kazandjieva, Saatvik Agarwal, and Philip Levis. The β-factor: Quantifying Wireless Link Burstiness. In SenSys ’08: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, Raleigh, NC, USA, 2008. ACM Press.

Dongjin Son, Bhaskar Krishnamachari, and John Heidemann, "Experimental Study of Concurrent Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks," 4th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (Sensys), Colorado, November 2006.

9/29-10/3

Week 5 -- Random access or scheduled access?


The high-level goal of a MAC protocol is to facilitate sharing of a common channel between multiple nodes.  For most wireless MAC protocols, this means creating simple and cheap techniques for collision avoidance.   They must maintain network connectivity while simultaneously trying to maximize the amount of time that nodes can sleep.  Is this best achieved with random access, scheduled access, or something in between?

Team: Tamim Sookor, Jingyuan Li, Qiang Li, Hengchang Liu

X-MAC: A Short Preamble MAC Protocol for Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks.
Michael Buettner, Gary V. Yee, Eric Anderson, Richard Han.  SenSys 2006.

Ultra-Low Duty Cycle MAC with Scheduled Channel Polling.  Wei Ye, Fabio Silva, John Heidemann.  SenSys 2006.

Injong Rhee, Ajit Warrier, Mahesh Aia, and Jeongki Min, Z-MAC: a Hybrid MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks, Sensys, ACM, 2005.

Yanjun Sun, Omer Gurewitz, and David B. Johnson, "RIMAC: A Receiver Initiated Asynchronous Duty Cycle MAC Protocol for Dynamic Traffic Loads in Wireless Sensor Networks", to appear in SenSys 2008.

10/6-10/10

Week 6 -- Wireless Sensor Internet?



IP is the common link between all devices on the Internet.  Is it suitable for the various traffic patterns seen in WSNs?

Team: Robert Dickerson, Balaji Dhanasekaran, Enamul Hoque, Wei Wang, Jongdeog Lee, Zhiheng Xie

Beacon-Vector Routing: Scalable Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Rodrigo Fonseca, Sylvia Ratnasamy, Jerry Zhao, Cheng Tien Ee, David Culler, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica. In NSDI 2005 [pdf]

Distributed dynamic shared tree for minimum energy data aggregation of multiple mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks.  HWANG Kwang-Il,  IN Jeongsik and EOM Doo-Seop.  EWSN 2006.

IP is Dead, Long Live IP for Wireless Sensor Networks
Jonathan W. Hui and David E. Culler. To appear in Proceedings of the 6th international Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, November 05 - 07, 2008). SenSys '08. ACM, New York, NY.

10/13-10/17

Week 7 -- Specialized hardware or bust?


Localization and time synchronization are necessary for many sensor network applications to perform correctly.  However, there is often a trade-off between specialized hardware and accuracy.  Furthermore, specific deployments often require specialized solutions.  Is this fundamental?  Is it possible to create a generalizable cheap solution?

Team: Tanima Dey, Tamim Sookoor, Sirajum Munir, Timothy Hnat

The Design and Implementation of a Self-Calibrating Distributed Acoustic Sensing Platform.  Lewis Girod (MIT/CSAIL), Martin Lukac, Vlad Trifa, Deborah Estrin (UCLA)

Maroti M., Kusy B., Balogh G., Volgyesi P., Nadas A., Molnar K., Dora S., Ledeczi A. "Radio Interferometric Geolocation"ACM 3rd Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys).  San Diego, CA, November 2005

R. Stoleru, T. He, J. A. Stankovic, D. Luebke, "A High-Accuracy, Low-Cost Localization System for Wireless Sensor Networks," In Proceedings of ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys), San Diego, CA, 2005.

Spinning Beacons for Precise Indoor Localization
Ho-lin Chang, Jr-Ben Tian, Tsung-Te Lai, Hao-hua Chu, Polly Huang
In Proceedings of 6th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2008), Raleigh, NC, USA, Nov 2008

10/20-10/24

Week 8 -- Built to last?



Power management often touts lifetimes of 25 years or more.  However, most embedded devices such as cell phones have a lifetime of less than 2 years.  What should be the real power management goals for sensor networks, and how can they be achieved?

Team: Balaji Dhanasekaran, Andrew Jurik, Jing Yang, Eric Weathermax, Zhiheng Xie, S. M. Shahriar Nirjon

Meeting Lifetime Goals with Energy Levels. Andreas Lachenmann (U Stuttgart), Pedro José  Marrón (U Bonn), Daniel Minder,  Kurt Rothermel (U. Stuttgart).  Sensys 2007.

The Energy Endoscope: Real-time Detailed Energy Accounting for Wireless Sensor Nodes. Thanos Stathopoulos,  Dustin McIntire, W J. Kaiser.  IPSN 2008.

Resource Aware Programming in the Pixie Operating System. Konrad Lorincz (Harvard University, US); Bor-rong Chen (Harvard University, US); Jason Waterman (Harvard University, US); Geoff Werner-Allen (Harvard University, US); Matt Welsh (Harvard University, US).  SenSys 2008.

Design, Modeling, and Capacity Planning for Micro-Solar Power Sensor Networks
Jay Taneja, Jaein Jeong and David Culler.  SPOTS 2008.

10/27-10/31

Week 9 -- Secure as a voting machine?



Many computer devices -- such as ATMs and voting machines -- must be very secure to be usable at all.  This level of security has been attained.. at least in some cases.  Why is security in sensor networks so much more challenging?  With the diversity of applications and attacks, is it possible to create a general, complete, and compelling adversarial model for WSNs?

Team: Tanima Dey, Robert Dickerson, Krasimira Kapitanova, Andrew Jurik, Jongdeog Lee, S. M. Shahriar Nirjon, Trevor Wesolowski

A pairwise key predistribution scheme for wireless sensor networks.
W Du, J Deng, YS Han, PK Varshney, J Katz, et al. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC), 2005

Luk, Mezzour, Perrig, and Gligor. MiniSec: a secure sensor network communication architecture IPSN '07: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks, ACM, 2007, 479-488.

Parno, Luk, Gaustad, Perrig. Secure sensor network routing: a clean-slate approach. CoNEXT 2006.

Sun, Ning, and Wang. TinySeRSync: secure and resilient time synchronization in wireless sensor networks CCS '06: Proceedings of the 13th ACM conference on Computer and communications security, 2006, 264-277.

11/3-11/7

Week 10 -- Posix compliant sensor nodes?



Do embedded devices require specialized run time systems such as operating systems or virtual machines? Or should these systems simply run linux?  What is the driving force behind embedded OS design?

Team: Tamim Sookoor, Wei Wang, Zhiheng Xie, S. M. Shahriar Nirjon, Hengchang Lu, Trevor Wesolowski

"TinyOS: An Operating System for Wireless Sensor Networks" , Philip Levis, Sam Madden, Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, Kamin Whitehouse, Alec Woo, David Gay, Jason Hill, Matt Welsh, Eric Brewer, and David Culler. Ambient Intelligence. W. Weber, J. Rabaey, and E. Aarts (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, 2004.

S. Bhatti, J. Carlson, H. Dai, J. Deng, J. Rose, A. Sheth, B. Shucker, C. Gruenwald, A. Torgerson, R. Han, "MANTIS OS: An Embedded Multithreaded Operating System for Wireless Micro Sensor Platforms, " ACM/Kluwer Mobile Networks & Applications (MONET), Special Issue on Wireless Sensor Networks, vol. 10, no. 4, August 2005, guest co-editors P. Ramanathan, R. Govindan and K. Sivalingam, pp. 563-579.

Q. Cao, T. Abdelzaher, J. Stankovic, and T. He.  The LiteOS Operating System: Towards Unix-like Abstractions for Wireless Sensor Networks In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2008.  

Doug Simon, et al.  Java™ on the bare metal of wireless sensor devices: the squawk Java virtual machine.  ACM/Usenix International Conference On Virtual Execution Environments (VEE) 2006.

11/10-11/14

Week 11 -- Active networks... de ja vu?



In-network processing is a technique discarded long ago due to software manageability issues.   What is driving sensor network researchers to revive this approach, and are there new techniques available today that make this more reasonable today than years ago?  Or will the end-to-end principle ultimately prevail even in sensor networks?

Team: Balaji Dhanasekaran, Sirajum Munir, Jing Yang, Wei Wang, Hengchang Lu, Trevor Wesolowski

TAG: a Tiny AGgregation Service for Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks.  Samuel Madden, Michael Franklin, Joseph Hellerstein, and Wei Hong.  OSDI 2002.
Design and Implementation of a Sensor Network System for Vehicle Tracking and Autonomous Interception.   Cory Sharp, Shawn Schaffert, Alec Woo, Naveen Sastry, Chris Karlof, Shankar Sastry, and David Culler. Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks(EWSN'05). January 31 - February 2, 2005.
Omprakash Gnawali, Ben Greenstein, Ki-Young Jang, August Joki, Jeongyeup Paek, Marcos Vieira, Deborah Estrin, Ramesh Govindan, Eddie Kohler, The TENET Architecture for Tiered Sensor Networks, In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (Sensys), Boulder, Colorado, 2006.  [PDF]

"Towards a Sensor Network Architecture: Lowering the Waistline",
David Culler, Prabal Dutta, Cheng Tien Ee, Rodrigo Fonseca, Jonathan Hui, Philip Levis, Joseph Polastre, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica, Gilman Tolle, Jerry Zhao,
In Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS X), 2005.

11/17-11/21

Week 12 -- Reliable as anti-lock brakes?



Embedded software for devices such as anti-lock brakes are typically incredibly well tested, and possibly even proved to be correct.   Why are sensor applications so hard to get right, and almost impossible to prove?  What techniques are out there now, and what is necessary for software assurance in the future?

Team: Tanima Dey, Enamul Hoque, Krasimira Kapitanova, Jingyuan Li, Jing Yang, Eric Weathermax

L. Girod, T. Stathopoulos, N. Ramanathan, J. Elson, D. Estrin, E. Osterweil, and T. Schoellhammer, "A System for Simulation, Emulation, and Deployment of Heterogeneous Sensor Networks", to appear in Proc. of SenSys 2004. PDF

Sympathy for the Sensor Network Debugger.  Nithya Ramanathan, Kevin Chang, Lewis Girod, Rahul Kapur, Eddie Kohler, Deborah Estrin (UCLA)

Efficient Memory Safety for TinyOS. Nathan Cooprider, Will Archer, Eric Eide (U. Utah), David Gay (Intel Research), John Regehr (U. Utah).   SenSys 2007.

The nesC Language: A Holistic Approach to Networked Embedded Systems, David Gay, Phil Levis, Rob von Behren, Matt Welsh, Eric Brewer, and David Culler. In Proceedings of Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI) 2003, June 2003. (PDF)

11/24-11/28

Week 13 -- Thanksgiving Break


12/1-12/5

Week 14 -- The future of sensor networks?




Kamin Whitehouse
Computer Science Department
The University of Virginia
217 Olsson Hall
Charlottesville, Virginia 94720