• Martin F.Arlitt, and Carey L.Williamson, ``Internet Web Servers: Workload Characterization and Performance Implications,'' in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Volume 5 , No 5, pp. 631-645, 1997. (arlitt2.ps)
• James E. Pitkow, ``Summary of WWW Characterizations,'' in International WWW Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 3-13, 1999.
• Mark E. Crovella and Azer Bestavros, ``Self-Similarity in World Wide Web Traffic: Evidence and Possible Causes,'' in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 5(6):835--846, December 1997 (ssimilar.ps)
• M. E. Crovella and M. S. Taqqu, ``Estimating the Heavy Tail Index from Scaling Properties,'' in Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Vol 1, Number 1, pages 55-79, 1999. (aest.ps)
• Martin Arlitt and Tai Jin, ``Workload Characterization of the 1998 World Cup Web Site,'' Hewlett-Packard Labs, Tech Report HPL-1999-35R1, 1999, http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-35R1.html (HPL-1999-35R1.ps)

• Will E. Leland, Murad S. Taqqu, Walter Willinger, and Daniel V. Wilson, ``On the Self-Similarity Nature of Ethernet Traffic,'' IEEE/ATM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 2, No. 1, February 1994.
• Vern Paxton and Sally Floyd, ``Wide-Area Traffic: The Failure of Poisson Modeling,'' IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp 226-244, June 1995. (WAN-poisson.ps)
• Anja Feldmann, Anna Gilbert, and Walter Willinger, ``Data Networks as Cascades: Explaining the Multifractal Nature of Internet WAN Traffic,'' Sigcomm, Vancouver, Canada, September 1998. (fractals.ps)

• Gene Trent, Mark Sake, ``WebSTONE: The First Generation in HTTP Server Benchmarking'' standard benchmark white paper, February 1995. (webstone.ps)
• Standard performance evaluation corporation, ``An Explanation of the SPECweb96 Benchmark'' standard benchmark white paper, December 1996. (specweb96.ps)
• P. Barford and M. E. Crovella, ``Generating Representative Web Workloads for Network and Server Performance Evaluation,'' in Proceedings of Performance '98/ACM SIGMETRICS '98, pp. 151-160, Madison WI. (sigm98-surge.ps)
• Gaurav Banga and Peter Druschel, ``Measuring the Capacity of a Web Server,'' in Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, CA, December 1997. (capacity.ps)
• D. Mosberger and T. Jin, ``httperf: A Tool for Measuring Web Server Performance,'' in Performance Evaluation Review, Volume 26, Number 3, December 1998, 31-37. (httperf.ps)

• Jeffrey Mogul, ``The Case for Persistent Connection HTTP,'' WRL Research Report 95/4, 1995 (also appears in Sigcomm 95). (http11.ps)
• John Heidemann, Katia Obraczka, and Joe Touch, ``Modeling the Performance of HTTP Over Several Transport Protocols,'' in ACM/IEEE Transactions on Networking, 5 (5), 616-630, October, 1997.
• Theodore Faber, Joe Touch, and Wei Yue, ``The TIME-WAIT state in TCP and Its Effect on Busy Servers,'' in Infocom '99, pp. 1573-1583.
• John Heidemann, ``Performance Interactions Between P-HTTP and TCP Implementations,'' in ACM Computer Communication Review, 27 2, 65-73, April, 1997. (heidemann97a.ps)
• Hari Balakrishnan, Venkata Padmanabhan, Srini Seshan, Mark Stemm and Randy H. Katz, ``TCP Behavior of a Busy Internet Server: Analysis and Improvements,'' in Proc. IEEE Infocom, San Francisco, CA, USA, March 1998.
• P. Barford and M. E. Crovella, ``A Performance Evaluation of Hyper Text Transfer Protocols,'' in Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS '99, pp. 188-197, Atlanta, Georgia, May 1999. (sigm99.ps)
• Jeffrey C. Mogul, Fred Douglis, Anja Feldmann, and Balachander Krishnamurthy, ``Benefits of Delta Encoding and Data Compression for HTTP,'' in SIGCOMM 97. (delta.ps)

• Erich M. Nahum, Tsipora Barzilai, and Dilip Kandlur, ``Performance Issues in WWW Servers,'' in ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, May, 1999. (nahu99-perf.ps)
• P. Barford and M. E. Crovella, ``Measuring Web Performance in the Wide Area,'' in Performance Evaluation Review, August, 1999. (wawm-per.ps)

• Peter Druschel and Gaurav Banga, ``Lazy Receiver Processing (LRP): A Network Subsystem Architecture for Server Systems,'' in OSDI 96. (osdi96.ps)
• Vivek S. Pai, Peter Druschel, and Willy Zwaenepoel, ``IO-Lite: A Unified I/O Buffering and Caching System,'' in Third Operating Systems Design and Implementation Symposium, pp. 15-28, February 1999. (iol98.ps)
• Gaurav Banga, Peter Druschel, and Jeffrey C. Mogul, ``Resource Containers: A New Facility for Resource Management in Server Systems,'' in OSDI 99. (osdi99.ps)
• Mohit Aron and Peter Druschel, ``Soft Timers: Efficient Microsecond Software Timer Support for Network Processing,'' in SOSP 99. (soft-timers.ps)
• Gaurav Banga and Jeffrey Mogul, ``Scalable Kernel Performance for Internet Servers Under Realistic Loads,'' WRL Tech Report 98/6, 1998 (kernel-wrl.ps)

• M. E. Crovella, R. Frangioso, and M. Harchol-Balter, ``Connection Scheduling in Web Servers,'' in Proceedings of the 1999 USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems (USITS '99), Boulder, Colorado, October 1999. (usits99.ps)
• Daniel A. Menasce, Virgilio A.F. Almeida, Rodrigo Fonseca, and Marco A. Mendes, ``Resoure Management Policies for E-commerce Servers,'' in Workshop on Internet Server Performance, 1998. (menasce.ps)

• Jussara Almedia, Mihaela Dabu, Anand Manikntty, Pei Cao, ``Providing differentiated levels of service in web content hosting,'' in First Workshop on Internet Server Performance, Madison, Wisconsin, June 23, 1998. (jussara.ps)
• Lars Eggert and John Heidemann, ``Application-Level Differentiated Services for Web Servers,'' in World Wide Web Journal, Volume 3 (1999), Issue 2, pages 133-142. (diff-serv.ps)
• X. Chen and P. Mohapatra, ``Providing Differentiated Service from an Internet Server,'' in IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, 1999. (ieee_network.ps) (ic3n99.ps)
• Nina Bhatti, Rich Friedrich, ``Web Server Support for Tiered Services.'' in IEEE Network, vol.13, no.5, Sept.-Oct. 1999, pp.64-71.
• Tarek Abdelzaher and Kang G. Shin ``QoS Provisioning with qContracts in Web and Multimedia Servers,'' in IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, December, 1999. (rtss99.ps)
• Tarek Abdelzaher and Nina Bhatti, ``Web Server QoS Management by Adaptive Content Delivery,'' in International Workshop on Quality of Service, 1999. (iwqos-99.ps)

• Vivek Pai, Mohit Aron, Gaurav Banga, Michael Svendsen, Peter Druschel, Willy Zwaenepoel and Erich Nahum ``Locality-Aware Request Distribution in Cluster-based Network Servers,'' in Eighth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS VIII), October 1998, (San Jose, CA) (lard.ps)
• Marco Conti, Enrico Gregori and Fabio Panzieri, ``Load Distribution among Replicated Web Servers: A QoS-based Approach,'' in Second Workshop on Internet Server Performance, in conjunction with ACM SIGMETRICS 99, Atlanta, GA, May 1st, 1999. (conti.ps)
• Huican Zhu, Ben Smith, and Tao Yang, ``Hierarchical Resource Management for Web Server Clusters with Dynamic Content,'' in ACM Sigmetrics 99. (rcgi.ps)
• Daniel Andresen, Tao Yang, ``SWEB++: Partitioning and scheduling for adaptive client-server computing on WWW,'' in First Workshop on Internet Server Performance, Madison, Wisconsin, June 23rd, 1998. (dan.ps)
• H. Zhu, T. Yang, Q. Zheng, D. Watson, O.H. Ibarra and T. Smith, ``Adaptive Load Sharing for Clustered Digital Library Servers,'' in Seventh IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, Chicago, July 1998. (hpdc7.ps)
• D. Andresen, T. Yang, ``Multiprocessor Scheduling with Client Resources to Improve the Response Time of WWW Applications,'' in Proc. of the 11th ACM SIGARCH International Conference on Supercomputing (ICS'97), 1997. (ics97.ps)
• A. Bestavros, M. E. Crovella, J. Liu, and D. Martin, ``Distributed Packet Rewriting and its Application to Scalable Server Architectures'' in Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP '98), October, 1998. (dpr-icnp98.ps)

Lecture of 3/21: Project Progress Presentations

Part II: Web Caching

• Fred Douglis, Anja Feldmann, Balachander Krishnamurthy, and Jeffrey Mogul, ``Rate of Change and other Metrics: a Live Study of the World Wide Web,'' in USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, December 1997, pp 147--158. (roc.ps)
• Chris Roadknight, Ian Marshall and Deborah Vearer, ``File Popularity Characterization,'' in Second Workshop on Internet Server Performance, in conjunction with ACM SIGMETRICS 99, Atlanta, GA, May 1st, 1999. (roadknight.ps)
• Lee Breslau, Pei Cao, Li Fan, Graham Phillips and Scott Shenker, ``Web Caching and Zipf-like Distributions: Evidence and Implications,'' in Infocom'99. (zipf-like.ps)
• Ramon Caceres, Fred Douglis, Anja Feldmann, Michael Rabinovich, ``Web Proxy Caching: The Devil is in the Details,'' in Proceedings of the Workshop on Internet Server Performance, Madison, WI, June 23 1998. Also appears in December 1998 issue of ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review. (wisp98_proxim.ps)
• X. Chen and P. Mohapatra, ``Lifetime Behavior and its Impact on Web Caching,'' in IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications, 1999. (wiapp99.ps)
• Anja Feldmann, Ramon Caceres, Fred Doudlis, Gideon Glass, and Michael Rabinovich, ``Performance of Web Proxy Caching in Heterogeneous Bandwidth Environments,'' in Infocom 99. (infocom99_proxim.ps)
• Pei Cao, Li Fan, and Quinn Jacobson, ``Web Prefetching Between Low-Bandwidth Clients and Proxies: Potential and Performance,'' in Sigmetrics 99. (prepush.ps)
• Edith Cohen, Balachander Krishnamurthy and Jennifer Rexford, ``Improving End-to-end Performance of the Web Using Server Volumes and Proxy Filters,'' in SIGCOMM 98. (rexford.ps)

• Pei Cao and Sandy Irani, ``Cost-Aware WWW Proxy Caching Algorithms,'' in Proceedings of the 1997 USENIX Symposium on Internet Technology and Systems, pp. 193-206, Dec 1997. (gd-size.ps)
• Martin Arlitt, Ludmilla Cherkasova, John Dilley, Rich Friedrich, and Tai Jin, ``Evaluating Content Management Techniques for Web Proxy Caches,'' in Second Workshop on Internet Server Performance, in conjunction with ACM SIGMETRICS 99, Atlanta, GA, May 1st, 1999. (arlitt.ps)
• John Dilley, Martin Arlitt, Stephane Perret, ``Enhancement and Validation of the Squid Cache Replacement Policy,'' in 4th International Web Caching Workshop, San Diego, California, March 31 - April 2, 1999. (dilley-final.ps)
• Terence P. Kelly, Yee Man Chan, Sugih Jamin, and Jeffrey K. MacKie-Mason, ``Biased Replacement Policies for Web Caches: Differential Quality-of-Service and Aggregate User Value,'' in 4th International Web Caching Workshop, San Diego, California, March 31 - April 2, 1999. (kelly-final.ps)

• Li Fan, Pei Cao, Jussara Almeida, and Andrei Broder, ``Summary Cache: A Scalable Wide-Area Web Cache Sharing Protocol,'' in SIGCOMM 98. (summary-cache.ps)
• Duane Wessels and K. Claffy, ``ICP and the Squid Web Cache,'' in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, April 1998, Vol 16, No. 3, pages 345-357. (icp-squid.ps)
• Haobo Yu, Lee Breslau, Scott Shenker, ``Scalable Web Cache Consistency Architecture,'' in SIGCOMM 99. (cache-consist.ps)
• John Dilley, Martin Arlitt, Stephane Perret, Tai Jin, ``The Distributed Object Consistency Protocol,'' Hewlett-Packard Technical Report, HPL-1999-109, 1999. (web-consist.ps)
• A. Heddaya and S. Mirdad, ``WebWave: Globally Load Balanced Fully Distributed Caching of Hot Published Documents,'' in 17th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, ICDCS '97, May 27-30, 1997 (webwave.ps)

• V. Holmedahl, B. Smith, and T. Yang. ``Cooperative Caching of Dynamic Content on a Distributed Web Server'' in Proc. of 7th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-7), Chicago, IL July 28-31, 1998. pp. 243-250. (hpdc7swala.ps)
• Ben Smith, Anurag Acharya, Tao Yang and Huican Zhu, ``Exploiting Result Equivalence in Caching Dynamic Web Content,'' in Proceedings of Second USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems (USITS99). (smith.ps)
• Pei Cao, Jin Zhang and Kevin Beach, ``Active Cache: Caching Dynamic Contents on the Web,'' in Proceedings of IFIP International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing (Middleware '98), pp. 373-388.

For a tar file of all papers click here.