#include <time.h>
# include <stdio.h>
# include <math.h>
# include <float.h>
# include <limits.h>

double second(void);

/*
 * Program: Stream
 * Programmer: Joe R. Zagar; ported to OS-9000: Ray Van De Walker
 * Revision: 4.0-BETA, October 24, 1995
 * Original code developed by John D. McCalpin
 *
 * This program measures memory transfer rates in MB/s for simple 
 * computational kernels coded in C.  These numbers reveal the quality
 * of code generation for simple uncacheable kernels as well as showing
 * the cost of floating-point operations relative to memory accesses.
 *
 * INSTRUCTIONS:
 *
 *      1) Stream requires a good bit of memory to run.  Adjust the
 *          value of 'N' (below) to give a 'timing calibration' of 
 *          at least 20 clock-ticks.  This will provide rate estimates
 *          that should be good to about 5% precision.
 */
# define N      10000 /* was a million; the i860 data cache is 4k */
# define TOMBYTE (1000000/N)
# define NTIMES 10  /* done 10 times */
# define OFFSET 0

/*
 *      3) Compile the code with full optimization.  Many compilers
 *         generate unreasonably bad code before the optimizer tightens
 *         things up.  If the results are unreasonably good, on the
 *         other hand, the optimizer might be too smart for me!
 *
 *         Try compiling with:
 *               cc -O stream_d.c second.c -o stream_d -lm
 *
 *         This is known to work on Cray, SGI, IBM, and Sun machines.
 *
 *
 *      4) Mail the results to mccalpin@cs.virginia.edu
 *         Be sure to include:
 *              a) computer hardware model number and software revision
 *              b) the compiler flags
 *              c) all of the output from the test case.
 * Thanks!
 *
 */

# define HLINE "-------------------------------------------------------------\n"

# ifndef MIN
# define MIN(x,y) ((x)<(y)?(x):(y))
# endif
# ifndef MAX
# define MAX(x,y) ((x)>(y)?(x):(y))
# endif

static double   a[N+OFFSET],
                b[N+OFFSET],
                c[N+OFFSET];

static double   rmstime[4] = {0}, maxtime[4] = {0},
                mintime[4] = {FLT_MAX,FLT_MAX,FLT_MAX,FLT_MAX};

static char     *label[4] = {"Copy:      ", "Scale:     ",
    "Add:       ", "Triad:     "};

static double   bytes[4] = {
    2 * sizeof(double) * N,
    2 * sizeof(double) * N,
    3 * sizeof(double) * N,
    3 * sizeof(double) * N
    };

int main(void)
    {
    int                 quantum, checktick(void);
    int                 BytesPerWord;
    register int        j, k;
    double              scalar, t, times[4][NTIMES];

    /* --- SETUP --- determine precision and check timing --- */

    printf(HLINE);
    BytesPerWord = sizeof(double);
    printf("This system uses %d bytes per DOUBLE PRECISION word.\n",
        BytesPerWord);

    printf(HLINE);
    printf("Array size = %d, Offset = %d\n" , N, OFFSET);
    printf("Total memory required = %.1f MB.\n",
        (3 * N * BytesPerWord) / 1048576.0);
    printf("Each test is run %d times, but only\n", NTIMES);
    printf("the *best* time for each is used.\n");

    /* Get initial value for system clock. */

    for (j=0; j<N; j++) {
        a[j] = 1.0;
        b[j] = 2.0;
        c[j] = 0.0;
        }

    printf(HLINE);

    if  ( (quantum = checktick()) >= 1) 
        printf("Your clock granularity/precision appears to be "
            "%d microseconds.\n", quantum);
    else
        printf("Your clock granularity appears to be "
            "less than one microsecond.\n");

    t = second();
    for (j = 0; j < N; j++)
        a[j] = 2.0E0 * a[j];
    t = 1.0E6 * (second() - t);

    printf("Each test below will take on the order"
        " of %d microseconds.\n", (int) t  );
    printf("   (= %d clock ticks)\n", (int) (t/quantum) );
    printf("Increase the size of the arrays if this shows that\n");
    printf("you are not getting at least 20 clock ticks per test.\n");

    printf(HLINE);

    printf("WARNING -- The above is only a rough guideline.\n");
    printf("For best results, please be sure you know the\n");
    printf("precision of your system timer.\n");
    printf(HLINE);
    
    /*  --- MAIN LOOP --- repeat test cases NTIMES times --- */

    scalar = 3.0;
    for (k=0; k<NTIMES; k++)
        {
        times[0][k] = second();
        for (j=0; j<N; j++)
            c[j] = a[j];
        times[0][k] = second() - times[0][k];
        
        times[1][k] = second();
        for (j=0; j<N; j++)
            b[j] = scalar*c[j];
        times[1][k] = second() - times[1][k];
        
        times[2][k] = second();
        for (j=0; j<N; j++)
            c[j] = a[j]+b[j];
        times[2][k] = second() - times[2][k];
        
        times[3][k] = second();
        for (j=0; j<N; j++)
            a[j] = b[j]+scalar*c[j];
        times[3][k] = second() - times[3][k];
        }
    
    /*  --- SUMMARY --- */

    for (k=0; k<NTIMES; k++)
        {
        for (j=0; j<4; j++)
            {
            rmstime[j] = rmstime[j] + (times[j][k] * times[j][k]);
            mintime[j] = MIN(mintime[j], times[j][k]);
            maxtime[j] = MAX(maxtime[j], times[j][k]);
            }
        }
    
    printf("Function      Rate (MB/s)   RMS time     Min time     Max time\n");
    for (j=0; j<4; j++) {
        rmstime[j] = sqrt(rmstime[j]/(double)NTIMES);

        printf("%s%11.4f  %11.4f  %11.4f  %11.4f\n", label[j],
               (TOMBYTE/1e6) * (bytes[j]/mintime[j]),
               rmstime[j],
               mintime[j],
               maxtime[j]);
    }
    return 0;
}

# define        M       20

int
checktick(void)
    {
    int         i, minDelta, Delta;
    double      t1, t2, timesfound[M];

/*  Collect a sequence of M unique time values from the system. */

    for (i = 0; i < M; i++) {
        t1 = second();
        while( ((t2=second()) - t1) < 1.0E-6 )
            ;
        timesfound[i] = t1 = t2;
        }

/*
 * Determine the minimum difference between these M values.
 * This result will be our estimate (in microseconds) for the
 * clock granularity.
 */

    minDelta = 1000000;
    for (i = 1; i < M; i++) {
        Delta = (int)( 1.0E6 * (timesfound[i]-timesfound[i-1]));
        minDelta = MIN(minDelta, MAX(Delta,0));
        }

    return(minDelta);
    }

/* end of file */