CS4750 - Database Systems

Meet	Date	Topics and Handouts	Readings	Assignments / Project	Activities / POTDs
As of 28-August-2025, our classroom is moved to Rice 130. [Please refer to an announcement on 28-Aug-2025]
Course overview and intro to database systems
1	Wed 08/27	Get Familiar with Our Course Let's Set Expectation A bit about this course and how we shall work together			Activity: Get to know you (no submission) Activity: Check-in (no submission) DIY: complete the Let's start form (please complete it by 5-Sep-2025, 11:59pm)
2	Fri 08/29	Intro to Database Systems What is a database? What is DBMS? Do we need both? Who cares? So what?	Ch.1	[31-Aug] Assignment 1 released	Activity: What is a database? (no submission) Activity: Brainstorm — carpool (no submission)
3	Mon 09/01	DB Architecture and Data Model How do we describe information?	Ch.2
Database planning and designing
4	Wed 09/03	Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagram Entity sets, attributes, relationships Cardinality, participation How do we represent things in the world in a database?	Ch.6
5	Fri 09/05	E-R Roles in relationships Binary vs. Multi-way relationships Weak entity How do we represent real-world semantics and constraints in a database design?	Ch.6
6	Mon 09/08 Add deadline 09/09	E-R Subclassing What about real-world objects that share some commonality? How do we represent generalization and specialization in a database design?	Ch.6
7	Wed 09/10	E-R diagrams to relational designs Now that we have a database design, how do we transform the design into database schemas?	Ch.6
Fine tuning and normalization
8	Fri 09/12	Functional dependencies Get started with the first step in fine-tuning a database structure. How do we recognize data interrelationships? How do we make use of them to fine-tune our database?	Ch.7
9	Mon 09/15	Normalization overview Fine-tuning part 2: figure out the fundamentals of what makes good database schemas and how to organize the data (i.e., refine the schemas) to promote ease of use and efficiency	Ch.7	Project proposal due 09/15, 11:59pm (No late submission, no extension)	POTD 1 (due 09/16, 1pm)
10	Wed 09/17	Summarize the normal forms by FDs How do we identify what needs refinement? How do we refine the schemas? How do we verify whether the schemas are in the form we want? 3NF and BCNF How do we refine the schemas? How do we verify whether the schemas are in the form we want?	Ch.7
11	Fri 09/19	3NF and BCNF (wrap up) more 3NF and BCNF Let's experience & practice more schema refinement and verification	Ch.7
11	Fri 09/19	DIY: Set up DB environment XAMPP setup, DB setup (XAMPP, local) DB setup (UVA CS server) (coming soon) DB setup (GCP) DO NOT enter your credit card. We do not have funding to cover the charge for you. We cannot help you pay. Please try to set up the environment before next class. The class discussion will be more effective and enjoyable if your environment is readily available. Additional resources: Create Google cloud storage bucket Manage Google cloud project members Google Cloud Skills Boost Many of these resources are free and include detailed steps to complete practice projects of varying complexity. You can use the GCP credits (refer to an announcement on how to redeem and obtain additional GCP coupons) toward these labs.
Query language for relational databases
12	Mon 09/22	SQL: Basics Now that we have data and schemas, how do we access them? What happens when we execute the SQL query?	Ch.3 W3 school SQL lab	Assignment 1: E-R & schema (due 09/22, before class)	POTD 2 (due 09/23, 1pm) (require: DB environment)
13	Wed 09/24	SQL: Basics (wrap up) More basic SQL practice More SQL queries in action — "What" data do we want?	Ch.3
14	Fri 09/26	SQL: Aggregates How do we effectively summarize the results? What is the order of actions? How do we handle "for-each" semantics? Applying the conditions on groups vs. individuals.	Ch.3.7, Ch.5.5
15	Mon 09/29	SQL: Joins What if we need data from multiple tables? How do we describe a relationship between tables? How do we realize combinations of data?	Ch.4.1	Assignment 2: Normal forms (due 09/29, before class)	POTD 3 (due 09/30, 1pm)
16	Wed 10/01	SQL: Subqueries Use SQL queries to assist other queries in solving more complicated problems	Ch.3.8
17	Fri 10/03	Subqueries in WHERE and quantifiers How do we answer "there (not) exists," "for all," "is (not) in," and "only" questions?	Ch.3.8
18	Mon 10/06	More practice: Putting it all together Let's solve more complicated problems, using basics, aggregates, joins, and subqueries		Project milestone 1: DB design due 10/06, 11:59pm (No late submission, no extension)	POTD 4 (due 10/07, 1pm)
19	Wed 10/08	Advanced SQL: Constraints and Triggers How much of our business logic should reside at the presentation layer, logic layer, or data layer? How do we implement business logic at the data layer?	Ch.4.4, Ch.5.1-5.3
20	Fri 10/10 Drop deadline 10/14	Advanced SQL: Stored procedures Pre-define operations to handle business logic at the data layer	Ch.4.4, Ch.5.1-5.3 MariaDB stored procedures
	10/11−10/14	Fall reading days, no class (refer to UVA Academic Calendar)
21	Wed 10/15	Mid-semester check-in / On demand office hours / work on project / prepare for Exam 1 No lecture/class discussion. Feel free to drop by for Q&A or to chat or discuss about anything		Assignment 3: SQL (due 10/15, before class)
22	Fri 10/17	Exam 1 [Exam 1 guide]
		Note: You are not required to use PDO. You may use PDO, MySQLi, or MySQL (the syntax and implementation will be slightly different). MySQLi is a replacement for the MySQL functions, with object-oriented and procedural versions. PDO (PHP Data Objects) is a database abstraction layer providing flexibility for many database engines – and thus PDO is recommended over MySQLi (and CS 4750 uses PDO). PHP deployment (XAMPP) (coming soon) PHP deployment (CS) (coming soon) PHP deployment (GCP) (coming soon) Connecting PHP and DB (coming soon) Deploying PHP on Heroku [video] (Thanks to Austin Houck, a former CS4750 TA, for creating this tutorial) Please try to set up the environment before next class. The class discussion will be more effective and enjoyable if your environment is readily available. Note on GCP: DO NOT enter your credit card. We do not have funding to cover the charge for you. We cannot help you pay.
Database programming
23	Mon 10/20 Withdraw deadline 10/21	DB Interfacing (overview) Putting it all together — Let's develop a small web app that interacts with a database to provide services	Recommended reading: Ch.9		Get started with POTD 5. Save your code. (no submission)
23	Mon 10/20 Withdraw deadline 10/21	The following resources are for references. They will not be tested. Basic web deployment Additional resources (including basic HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JQuery, Ajax, Angular, PHP, Java servlet, JSP — may be useful if you plan to develop a web-based project) Additional resources and examples: for developers who are curious and/or prefer Java: note on Java - database programming (use Java and JDBC; can be applied to web app and non-web app) Java and JDBC example (non-web program, thanks to Daniel Prohaska) DB with Java servlet (web program) Set up environment and work with Java servlet JSP deployment
24	Wed 10/22	DB Interfacing More database programming in action	Recommended reading: Ch.9		Continue working on POTD 5. Save your code. (no submission)
25	Fri 10/24	DB Interfacing More database programming in action	Recommended reading: Ch.9		Continue working on POTD 5. Save your code. (no submission)
26	Mon 10/27	Wrap up database interfacing Get started with DB security at the application level		Project milestone 2: DB setup and SQL due 10/27, 11:59pm (No late submission, no extension)	POTD 5 (due 10/28, 1pm)
Database security, social / ethical / legal issues
27	Wed 10/29	DB security (Some ways to) Protect our databases and apps that use them. How do we minimize the chance of being attacked? How do we enforce "who can do what on which parts of the database"?	Ch.4.7, Ch.9.8-9.9
27	Wed 10/29	The following resources are for references. They may be useful for your project. They will not be tested. Examples: login and hashed password [sample solution] login and maintain user session (with hidden input and URL rewriting) (run, user=demo, pwd=demo), [sample solution] login and maintain user session (with cookies) (run, user=demo, pwd=nan), [sample solution] login and maintain user session (with server-side session) (run, user=demo, pwd=nan), [sample solution]
Query execution and estimating the cost of operations
28	Fri 10/31	Relational Algebra (RA) SQL describes "what data to get" but computers only understand the "how" — Let's look at "how to get the data" we want	Ch.2.6
29	Mon 11/03	Relational Algebra (RA) More "how to retrieve the data" Converting SQL ↔ RA Let's solve more problems: English to SQL to RA. How about RA (to design a query) to SQL (to be executed against a database)? Please practice on your own. Bring questions to class so we can discuss them.	Ch.2.6		POTD 6 (due 11/04, 1pm)
30	Wed 11/05	Query Cost Estimation We wrote a SQL query, which tells the computer what we want. How does DBMS find a good way to actually do it? Also, there may be multiple queries to solve the same problem. Which one should we use? Let's explore some ideas to help us pick	Recommended reading: Ch.15-16
31	Fri 11/07	Query Cost Estimation More practice to help us analyze and estimate the cost of the query	Recommended reading: Ch.15-16
Index structures
32	Mon 11/10	Indexing Mechanism to optimize the performance of a database by minimizing the number of disk accesses required when a query is processed	Ch.14	EC milestone: DB programming due 11/10, 11:59pm (No late submission, no extension)	POTD 7 (due 11/11, 1pm)
33	Wed 11/12	Indexing How does indexing work — to search or retrieve data, insert data, or delete data?	Ch.14
34	Fri 11/14	Indexing Let's solve more problems, analyze more scenarios	Ch.14
35	Mon 11/17	Indexing Think about indexing choices and consider how they impact the query cost. How to leverage indexing?	Ch.14	Assignment 4: RA and cost estimation (due 11/17, before class)	POTD 8 (due 11/18, 1pm)
Other aspects in data management
36	Wed 11/19	Transactions and Concurrency Control How do we support multiple people using a database at the same time? What is "ACID" and how does it help ensure transaction safe?	Ch.17 Recommended reading: Ch.18-19
37	Fri 11/21	Distributed DB What to do when our databases scale and have increased traffic? What is CAP and how does it help us determine how to handle a distributed database system when some servers refuse to communicate with each other due to some problems?	Recommended reading: Ch.20-24
38	Mon 11/24	NoSQL DB Let's explore other types of data models. NoSQL vs. Relational databases. What to use and when to use it?	Recommended reading: Ch.10	Assignment 5: Indexing (due 11/24, before class)
38	Mon 11/24	The following resources (borrowed from CS 4640) are for references. They may be useful for your project. They will not be tested. PHP file processing (meeting#13) – if you are interested in working with PHP and JSON Ajax and JSON (meeting#27) – if you are interested in Asynchronous programming using JavaScript and JSON
	11/26−11/30	Thanksgiving recess, no class (refer to UVA Academic Calendar)
Course wrap-up
39	Mon 12/01	On demand office hours / work on project / prepare for Exam 2 No lecture/class discussion. Feel free to drop by for Q&A or to chat or discuss about anything
40	Wed 12/03	Exam 2 [Exam 2 guide]
41	Fri 12/05	On demand office hours / work on project No lecture/class discussion. Feel free to drop by for Q&A or to chat or discuss about anything. Enjoy the last week(s) of the semester.
42	Mon 12/08	Project demo / Showtime - Vote!! Have fun and show your awesome project; see you in class :-) Remember to sign up & demo your project to the course staff for grading Project demo sign up		Project final deliverable due 12/08, before class (1pm) (No late submission, no extension)

Fall 2025 — Schedule